Frequently Asked Questions
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When Is a Single Audit Required for Federal Award Recipients?
A non-federal entity that spends $1,000,000 or more in federal awards during its fiscal year needs a single audit, or a program-specific audit if it qualifies (2 CFR 200.501).
Read moreWhat Is the U.S. Access Board?
The U.S. Access Board is an independent federal agency, created in 1973, that develops accessibility guidelines and standards and enforces the Architectural Barriers Act standards.
Read moreWhat Does Section 508 Require of Federal Agencies?
Section 508 requires federal agencies to make their information and communication technology accessible to people with disabilities, using standards that incorporate WCAG 2.0 Level A and AA.
Read moreHow Is an Architectural Barriers Act Complaint Filed?
File an ABA complaint with the U.S. Access Board through its online form, by email to enforce@access-board.gov, by fax to 202-272-0081, or by mail. Phone filing is not accepted.
Read moreWhat Drug Prevention Program Must Colleges Have under Federal Law?
Colleges must adopt a drug and alcohol abuse prevention program for students and employees and certify it to keep federal funds, including a written annual notice (34 CFR Part 86).
Read moreWhat Is the Biennial Review under the Drug-Free Schools Rules?
Colleges must review their drug and alcohol program every two years to assess effectiveness and confirm sanctions are enforced, and keep the records for three years (34 CFR 86.100).
Read moreWhat Happens if a College Violates the Drug-Free Schools Rules?
A college that fails to certify is ineligible for federal funds. Violators can face compliance agreements, repayment of federal funds or termination of eligibility (34 CFR 86.301).
Read moreIs a Response Required to a Federal Form without an OMB Number?
No. A person cannot be penalized for not responding to a federal information collection that lacks a currently valid OMB control number (5 CFR 1320.6 and 44 U.S.C. 3512).
Read moreWhich NASA Contracts Require a Drug- and Alcohol-Free Workforce?
NASA includes clause NFS 1852.223-74 in contracts over $5 million that involve employees in sensitive positions. It is not used for commercial products or services.
Read moreWhat Drug and Alcohol Testing Must NASA Contractors Do?
Covered contractors must test employees in sensitive positions before employment, on reasonable suspicion, randomly, after accidents and in follow-up, following HHS guidelines and 49 CFR Part 40.
Read moreWhat Happens When a NASA Contractor Employee Fails a Drug Test?
Employees in sensitive positions with a confirmed positive test may be suspended, disqualified or dismissed, and cannot return to sensitive work until completing rehabilitation (48 CFR 1852.223-74).
Read moreHow Must Drug Test Specimens Be Packaged for Mailing?
Drug test specimens are usually exempt human specimens that must be triple packaged, with the address side marked Exempt human specimen (USPS Publication 52, 346.12).
Read moreWho Is Responsible for Hazardous Materials Sent by USPS?
The mailer is fully responsible for complying with postal and other laws on hazardous material, including labels and Service Type Codes (USPS Publication 52, 323.1).
Read moreWhat Are the Penalties for Mailing Hazardous Materials Improperly?
Knowingly mailing hazardous material in violation of 39 U.S.C. 3018 carries a civil penalty of $393 to $156,422 per violation, plus clean-up costs and damages.
Read moreDoes USACE EM 385-1-1 Apply to Contractors?
Yes. EM 385-1-1 applies to USACE contracts, and FAR 52.236-13 requires Department of Defense construction contractors to follow the edition in effect on the solicitation date.
Read moreWhat Are the USACE Site Safety and Health Officer Requirements?
EM 385-1-1 defines three SSHO levels with different training and experience rules. A Level 1 SSHO has full-time safety duties and needs OSHA 30-hour training and 24 hours of safety training.
Read moreWhat Must a USACE Activity Hazard Analysis Include?
An AHA must be prepared before each work activity begins. It lists job steps, hazards, controls and a risk assessment code, and must be accepted before work starts (EM 385-1-1, 2-6).
Read moreWhat Are the HHS Mandatory Guidelines for Federal Workplace Drug Testing?
HHS Mandatory Guidelines set standards for federal agency drug testing and the labs, collectors and MROs serving them. Who they cover and what is pending.
Read moreWhat Is an Invalid Drug Test Result?
An invalid result means a lab could not establish a positive, negative, adulterated or substituted result. The HHS criteria and what the MRO does next.
Read moreWhat Does a pH Invalid Result Mean in a Urine Drug Test?
HHS treats urine pH from 4 to under 4.5, or 9 to under 11, as invalid. How pH 9.0 to 9.5 is reviewed and what HHS has proposed changing.
Read moreWhat Is Specimen Validity Testing?
Specimen validity testing checks whether a urine or oral fluid specimen is consistent with a normal human specimen. What DOT laboratories must test.
Read moreWhat Is a Biomarker in Drug Testing?
A biomarker is an endogenous substance used to validate a specimen. HHS has not yet authorized routine biomarker testing. What the 2026 proposals would do.
Read moreWhat Is an HHS-Certified Instrumented Initial Test Facility (IITF)?
An IITF performs initial urine drug tests for federal agencies under HHS certification. How it differs from a lab, and why DOT does not allow IITFs.
Read moreWhich Organizations Does HHS Approve to Certify Medical Review Officers?
HHS approves AAMRO and MROCC to certify Medical Review Officers. How approval works under Section 13.2 and why the list is renewed every two years.
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